Which model frames disability as a societal problem with barriers?

• A. Medical model
• B. Personal deficit model
• C. Economic model
• D. Social model of disability

Answer: (D)

Disability is understood as something created by the barriers in society, not just by an individual's impairment. The social model argues that when environments, policies, and attitudes fail to accommodate diversity—like inaccessible buildings, lack of transportation access, or discrimination—people are disabled by those barriers. This perspective shifts the focus from “fixing the person” to removing obstacles so everyone can participate. That’s why it’s the best fit for describing disability as a societal problem with barriers. In contrast, the medical model locates disability inside the person and seeks medical solutions; the personal deficit approach centers on the individual’s limitations; and the economic model emphasizes costs or productivity without addressing environmental access.